Sulayhids
Sulayhids. Shi‘i dynasty which ruled over Yemen as nominal vassals of the Fatimids (1047-1138). It was founded by ‘Ali ibn Muhammad, who chased the Abyssinian slave dynasty of the Najahids from Zabid, fought the Zaydi Imam al-Qasim ibn ‘Ali and took San‘a’ in 1063, Zabid in 1064 and Aden in 1065. He restored order in Mecca and appointed Abu Hashim Muhammad (r.1063-1094) as Sharif. He was killed by the Najahid Sa‘id ibn Najah (d. 1088) in 1067. His son al-Mukarram (r. 1067-1091) again conquered Zabid from the Najahids and rescued his mother Asma’ bint Shihab (d. 1086). In the same year (1086) he instituted a new coinage called “Maliki Dinars,” but left state affairs to his wife al-Sayyida Arwa (b. 1052) who ruled from 1084 to 1138 and who transferred her residence from San‘a’ to Dhu Jibal in winter, making the castle of Ta‘kar, wher the treasures of the Sulayhids were stored, her residence in summer. In 1119, the Fatimid Caliph al-‘Amir sent Ibn Najib al-Dawla as an emissary to Yemen. He reduced the smaller principalities to obedience but Queen Arwa was able to resist his endeavors. At her death, the Sulayhid dynasty came to an end, and power passed to the Zuray‘ids, who were to hold it until the arrival of the Ayyubid Turan-Shah in 1174.
The Sulayhid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty nominally subject to the Fāṭimid caliph in Egypt, responsible for restoring the Ismāʿīliyyah (an extremist Islamic sect) in Yemen.
The Ṣulayḥid family was brought to power by ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad (reigned 1047–67), who, through his association with the Fāṭimid dāʿī (propagandist) in the area, established a state in the mountains of Yemen. Within 20 years he displaced the Najāḥids, north of Yemen in the Tihāmah coastlands; the Zaydīimams in Ṣanʿāʾ, north Yemen (1063); and the Maʿnids of Aden, southeast of Yemen (1064). In the Hejaz (northwest coast of Arabia), once the stronghold of the Mūsāwid sharifs (descendants of Muḥammad), ʿAlī set up the Hāshimid sharifs (1063), who were to rule Mecca until the 1920s. By the end of the 11th century, however, al-Mukarram Aḥmad (r. 1067–84), ʿAlī’s son, saw the Ṣulayḥid possessions begin to diminish. The Najāḥids reappeared in the north, while in the south Aden was given to the Zurayʿids, a related dynasty also of Ismāʿīlīpersuasion. Late in his reign, Aḥmad transferred effective control of the principality to his wife, al-Sayyidah Arwā. The Fāṭimids recognized her as suzerain of the kings of Yemen until her death in 1138, when Yemen passed into Zurayʿid hands.
The Sulayhid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty nominally subject to the Fāṭimid caliph in Egypt, responsible for restoring the Ismāʿīliyyah (an extremist Islamic sect) in Yemen.
The Ṣulayḥid family was brought to power by ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad (reigned 1047–67), who, through his association with the Fāṭimid dāʿī (propagandist) in the area, established a state in the mountains of Yemen. Within 20 years he displaced the Najāḥids, north of Yemen in the Tihāmah coastlands; the Zaydīimams in Ṣanʿāʾ, north Yemen (1063); and the Maʿnids of Aden, southeast of Yemen (1064). In the Hejaz (northwest coast of Arabia), once the stronghold of the Mūsāwid sharifs (descendants of Muḥammad), ʿAlī set up the Hāshimid sharifs (1063), who were to rule Mecca until the 1920s. By the end of the 11th century, however, al-Mukarram Aḥmad (r. 1067–84), ʿAlī’s son, saw the Ṣulayḥid possessions begin to diminish. The Najāḥids reappeared in the north, while in the south Aden was given to the Zurayʿids, a related dynasty also of Ismāʿīlīpersuasion. Late in his reign, Aḥmad transferred effective control of the principality to his wife, al-Sayyidah Arwā. The Fāṭimids recognized her as suzerain of the kings of Yemen until her death in 1138, when Yemen passed into Zurayʿid hands.
Sulayman
Sulayman (Suleyman) (d. 1360). Ruler of the Mali Empire (1341-1360). When the famous Mansa Musa died in 1337, Sulayman, the oldest surviving brother, was first in line for succession. Musa’s son, Magha, gained the throne instead. Magha ruled only four years, and may have been deposed by Sulayman. Sulayman’s reign was chronicled by three noted Arabic authors: al-‘Umari, Ibn Khaldun, and Ibn Battuta. They reported that Sulayman continued his brother’s policies of encouraging Islam, maintaining diplomatic relations with North Africa, and promoting trade. Ibn Khaldun noted that in 1353 a caravan of 12,000 loaded camels travelled from Cairo to Mali. Sulayman was a more frugal ruler than Musa ( one of the reasons why he was less popular than his brother). Ibn Battuta reported an unsuccessful coup attempt by the king’s senior wife and a prince. A war of succession broke out soon after his death in 1360.
Suleyman was mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The brother of the powerful Kankan Musa I (Mansa Musa), he succeeded Musa's son Maghan (Magha) to the throne in 1341. His son Kassa briefly assumed the throne following his death in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghan's son Mari Diata II.
Moroccan historian Ibn Battuta traveled to Timbuktu to visit Sulayman's court for a period of eight months in 1352–1353. While there, Ibn Battuta recorded a substantial description of life at the court, including complaints about Suleyman's miserliness, a sharp contrast to Sulayman's famously generous brother Kankan Musa.
Suleyman see Sulayman
Sulayman (Suleyman) (d. 1360). Ruler of the Mali Empire (1341-1360). When the famous Mansa Musa died in 1337, Sulayman, the oldest surviving brother, was first in line for succession. Musa’s son, Magha, gained the throne instead. Magha ruled only four years, and may have been deposed by Sulayman. Sulayman’s reign was chronicled by three noted Arabic authors: al-‘Umari, Ibn Khaldun, and Ibn Battuta. They reported that Sulayman continued his brother’s policies of encouraging Islam, maintaining diplomatic relations with North Africa, and promoting trade. Ibn Khaldun noted that in 1353 a caravan of 12,000 loaded camels travelled from Cairo to Mali. Sulayman was a more frugal ruler than Musa ( one of the reasons why he was less popular than his brother). Ibn Battuta reported an unsuccessful coup attempt by the king’s senior wife and a prince. A war of succession broke out soon after his death in 1360.
Suleyman was mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The brother of the powerful Kankan Musa I (Mansa Musa), he succeeded Musa's son Maghan (Magha) to the throne in 1341. His son Kassa briefly assumed the throne following his death in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghan's son Mari Diata II.
Moroccan historian Ibn Battuta traveled to Timbuktu to visit Sulayman's court for a period of eight months in 1352–1353. While there, Ibn Battuta recorded a substantial description of life at the court, including complaints about Suleyman's miserliness, a sharp contrast to Sulayman's famously generous brother Kankan Musa.
Suleyman see Sulayman
Sulayman al-Mahri
Sulayman al-Mahri (Sulaiman al-Mahri) (Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman) (1480-1550/1553). Arab navigator and author of five Sailing Instructions. Besides all the various aspects of navigation, they contain some detailed itineraries which are remarkably accurate, like that from Diu to Malacca.
Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman was a 16th century Arab navigator. He was called "Al-Mahri," because he was a descendant of the Turkish tribe of Mahara. He was one of the most famous students of the philosopher and scientist Ibn Majid and lived during the reign of Ottoman Turks. He sailed across the Indian Ocean and wrote a book on the geography of the Indian Ocean and the islands of the Malay archipelago. He is best known for reducing Ibn Majids's list of stars for navigation from 70 to 15. Combinations of these lists of stars were used by Arab navigators and mariners up to the early 16th century.
The fifteenth-century Arabic book Kitab al-Fawa'id fi wal al-ilmi al bahri wa'l qawa'id (Book of Useful Information on the Principles and Rules of Navigation) was compiled by Ibn Majid and his student Sulaiman Al Mahri. In his journals, Al-Mahri noted the Islands off the west coast of Siam (Malaya). The most important destination covered by these navigational texts was Malaca, which had risen as the regions principle trading center for Arab navigators during the 15th century. Singapore, parts of Samarra, Jawa, China, the coasts of Burma and Andaman and Nicobar Islands were the fiscal points of his texts.
Al-Mahri grouped the shores of Malaya with Siam, and the mainland to the east with China as a single kingdom. Al-Mahri's division of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in to two parts helped Arab and Portuguese navigators. Even in the mid 16th century Sidi Ali Celeb translated Al Mahri's texts into Turkish and embroidered his work.
Sulaiman al-Mahri see Sulayman al-Mahri
Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman see Sulayman al-Mahri
Mahri, Sulayman al- see Sulayman al-Mahri
Al-Mahri see Sulayman al-Mahri
Sulayman al-Mahri (Sulaiman al-Mahri) (Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman) (1480-1550/1553). Arab navigator and author of five Sailing Instructions. Besides all the various aspects of navigation, they contain some detailed itineraries which are remarkably accurate, like that from Diu to Malacca.
Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman was a 16th century Arab navigator. He was called "Al-Mahri," because he was a descendant of the Turkish tribe of Mahara. He was one of the most famous students of the philosopher and scientist Ibn Majid and lived during the reign of Ottoman Turks. He sailed across the Indian Ocean and wrote a book on the geography of the Indian Ocean and the islands of the Malay archipelago. He is best known for reducing Ibn Majids's list of stars for navigation from 70 to 15. Combinations of these lists of stars were used by Arab navigators and mariners up to the early 16th century.
The fifteenth-century Arabic book Kitab al-Fawa'id fi wal al-ilmi al bahri wa'l qawa'id (Book of Useful Information on the Principles and Rules of Navigation) was compiled by Ibn Majid and his student Sulaiman Al Mahri. In his journals, Al-Mahri noted the Islands off the west coast of Siam (Malaya). The most important destination covered by these navigational texts was Malaca, which had risen as the regions principle trading center for Arab navigators during the 15th century. Singapore, parts of Samarra, Jawa, China, the coasts of Burma and Andaman and Nicobar Islands were the fiscal points of his texts.
Al-Mahri grouped the shores of Malaya with Siam, and the mainland to the east with China as a single kingdom. Al-Mahri's division of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in to two parts helped Arab and Portuguese navigators. Even in the mid 16th century Sidi Ali Celeb translated Al Mahri's texts into Turkish and embroidered his work.
Sulaiman al-Mahri see Sulayman al-Mahri
Sulaiman Al Mahri ibn Ahmad ibn Sulayman see Sulayman al-Mahri
Mahri, Sulayman al- see Sulayman al-Mahri
Al-Mahri see Sulayman al-Mahri
Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik (Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik) (674/680-717). Umayyad Caliph (r. 715-717). He founded al-Ramla, where he continued to live after becoming caliph. In 715, Maslama ibn ‘Abd al-Malik besieged Constantinople.
Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 715 until 717. His father was Abd al-Malik, and he was a younger brother of the previous caliph, al-Walid I.
Under the rule of his brother al-Walid, Sulayman had been the governor of Palestine. In the tribal politics of the Near East at that time he allied himself to the Yamani grouping. When Yazid ibn al-Muhallab escaped from al-Hajjaj, he made his way to Sulayman in Palestine. Sulayman granted him refuge. Al-Hajjaj pressed al-Walid about this and the caliph commanded Sulayman to send him Yazid in chains. Sulayman had his own son chained to Yazid approach al-Walid and present Sulayman's forcefully written letter insisting on sanctuary for Yazid. Al-Walid accepted this and so informed al-Hajjaj.
Sulayman was hailed as caliph on February 23, 715, the day al-Walid died. He appointed Yazid ibn al-Muhallab governor of Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman financial administrator there. Salih was also instructed to arrest and execute the family of al-Hajjaj, one of two prominent leaders (the other was Qutaibah bin Muslim) who had supported the succession of al-Walid's son Yazid, rather than Sulayman. Al-Hajjaj had predeceased al-Walid, so he was no longer alive to pose a threat.
Qutaibah was considerably alarmed at the ascension of Sulayman to the throne. He first sent an envoy to the caliph with letters asserting his loyalty as he was loyal to previous caliphs, urging Sulayman not to replace Qutaibah as governor of Khurasan with Yazid ibn al-Muhallab and, finally, if the envoy saw Sulayman favoring Yazid, with Qutaibah's renunciation of allegiance to Sulayman. Sulayman sent the envoy back with a confirmation of Qutaibah's governorship. However, Qutaibah had already attempted to rebel. Qutaibah's troops rejected his appeal to revolt, killed him and sent his head to Sulayman.
Sulayman appointed Yazid ibn al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan. Yazid was happy to escape the financial strictness of Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman in Mesopotamia (Iraq).
As he remained close to the Yamanis, Sulayman did not move to Damascus on becoming Caliph, but rather he remained in Ramla in Palestine. His Khurasani governor Yazid continued expansion into mountainous parts of Iran such as Tabaristan. Sulayman also sent a large army under Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik to attack the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. This was a determined attack that lasted through the winter. The caliph's armies also advanced beyond Byzantine territory and took a Slavic stronghold. The siege of Constantinople occasioned hunger inside the city and among the besiegers. It ultimately proved to be unsuccessful. Sulayman was on his way to attack the Byzantine border when he died in 717.
On the domestic scene, Sulayman had wells built in Mecca for pilgrims, and organized enforcement of prayers. Suleiman was known for his exceptional oratory skills and was fondly remembered.
In 716-717. Sulayman named his son Ayyub heir to the throne. However, Ayyub died that same year. Sulayman considered naming a son to replace him. However, he received advice that it was uncertain the son fighting at Constantinople was still alive and others were too young. So, he passed these over, broke with tradition by not maintaining a hereditary dynasty and appointed Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz as his successor. Umar had a reputation as being one of the most wise, capable and pious persons of that era. This appointment was rare, although it technically fulfilled the Sunni Islamic method of appointing a successor, whereas hereditary succession did not.
Sulayman donned an impressive green robe and turban and seeing himself in the mirror commented on how he looked to be in the prime of life. A week later he was dead. He died on either September 22 or October 1, 717. Al-Tabari records the following anecdote: "According to 'Ali--Suhaym b. Hafs: A slave girl belonging to Sulayman looked at him one day, and he asked, "How do you like what you see?" She recited:
You are the best object of delight—if only you would last./ But man does not possess immortality.
I do not know of any blemish in you / that other people have, except that you will pass away.
Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik see Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik (Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik) (674/680-717). Umayyad Caliph (r. 715-717). He founded al-Ramla, where he continued to live after becoming caliph. In 715, Maslama ibn ‘Abd al-Malik besieged Constantinople.
Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 715 until 717. His father was Abd al-Malik, and he was a younger brother of the previous caliph, al-Walid I.
Under the rule of his brother al-Walid, Sulayman had been the governor of Palestine. In the tribal politics of the Near East at that time he allied himself to the Yamani grouping. When Yazid ibn al-Muhallab escaped from al-Hajjaj, he made his way to Sulayman in Palestine. Sulayman granted him refuge. Al-Hajjaj pressed al-Walid about this and the caliph commanded Sulayman to send him Yazid in chains. Sulayman had his own son chained to Yazid approach al-Walid and present Sulayman's forcefully written letter insisting on sanctuary for Yazid. Al-Walid accepted this and so informed al-Hajjaj.
Sulayman was hailed as caliph on February 23, 715, the day al-Walid died. He appointed Yazid ibn al-Muhallab governor of Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman financial administrator there. Salih was also instructed to arrest and execute the family of al-Hajjaj, one of two prominent leaders (the other was Qutaibah bin Muslim) who had supported the succession of al-Walid's son Yazid, rather than Sulayman. Al-Hajjaj had predeceased al-Walid, so he was no longer alive to pose a threat.
Qutaibah was considerably alarmed at the ascension of Sulayman to the throne. He first sent an envoy to the caliph with letters asserting his loyalty as he was loyal to previous caliphs, urging Sulayman not to replace Qutaibah as governor of Khurasan with Yazid ibn al-Muhallab and, finally, if the envoy saw Sulayman favoring Yazid, with Qutaibah's renunciation of allegiance to Sulayman. Sulayman sent the envoy back with a confirmation of Qutaibah's governorship. However, Qutaibah had already attempted to rebel. Qutaibah's troops rejected his appeal to revolt, killed him and sent his head to Sulayman.
Sulayman appointed Yazid ibn al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan. Yazid was happy to escape the financial strictness of Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman in Mesopotamia (Iraq).
As he remained close to the Yamanis, Sulayman did not move to Damascus on becoming Caliph, but rather he remained in Ramla in Palestine. His Khurasani governor Yazid continued expansion into mountainous parts of Iran such as Tabaristan. Sulayman also sent a large army under Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik to attack the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. This was a determined attack that lasted through the winter. The caliph's armies also advanced beyond Byzantine territory and took a Slavic stronghold. The siege of Constantinople occasioned hunger inside the city and among the besiegers. It ultimately proved to be unsuccessful. Sulayman was on his way to attack the Byzantine border when he died in 717.
On the domestic scene, Sulayman had wells built in Mecca for pilgrims, and organized enforcement of prayers. Suleiman was known for his exceptional oratory skills and was fondly remembered.
In 716-717. Sulayman named his son Ayyub heir to the throne. However, Ayyub died that same year. Sulayman considered naming a son to replace him. However, he received advice that it was uncertain the son fighting at Constantinople was still alive and others were too young. So, he passed these over, broke with tradition by not maintaining a hereditary dynasty and appointed Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz as his successor. Umar had a reputation as being one of the most wise, capable and pious persons of that era. This appointment was rare, although it technically fulfilled the Sunni Islamic method of appointing a successor, whereas hereditary succession did not.
Sulayman donned an impressive green robe and turban and seeing himself in the mirror commented on how he looked to be in the prime of life. A week later he was dead. He died on either September 22 or October 1, 717. Al-Tabari records the following anecdote: "According to 'Ali--Suhaym b. Hafs: A slave girl belonging to Sulayman looked at him one day, and he asked, "How do you like what you see?" She recited:
You are the best object of delight—if only you would last./ But man does not possess immortality.
I do not know of any blemish in you / that other people have, except that you will pass away.
Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik see Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn Qutlumish
Sulayman ibn Qutlumish (d. 1086). Ancestor of the Rum Saljuqs. He became chief of the Saljuqs after the death of his father in the battle against his relative Alp Arslan in 1064 and founded an independent kingdom. He defeated the Byzantine general Isaac Comnenos, weakened by a mutiny of his Norman mercenaries, and concluded a treaty with Emperor Michael VII. In 1081, he conquered Izniq (Nicaea) and made it his capital. He defeated the ‘Uqaylid Muslim ibn Quraysh in 1085.
Sulayman ibn Qutlumish (d. 1086). Ancestor of the Rum Saljuqs. He became chief of the Saljuqs after the death of his father in the battle against his relative Alp Arslan in 1064 and founded an independent kingdom. He defeated the Byzantine general Isaac Comnenos, weakened by a mutiny of his Norman mercenaries, and concluded a treaty with Emperor Michael VII. In 1081, he conquered Izniq (Nicaea) and made it his capital. He defeated the ‘Uqaylid Muslim ibn Quraysh in 1085.
Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza‘i
Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza‘i (Yasar) (d.685). Early Shi‘a. Having adopted Islam in the time of the Prophet, he became an ardent supporter of al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali but did nothing to support him when he approached Kufa. Later he led the so-called “Penitents,” the people of Kufa who regretted not having supported al-Husayn. In the battle at ‘Ayn al-Warda against Husayn ibn al-Numayr al-Sakuni, Sulayman was killed and the Shi‘a cause routed.
Yasar see Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza‘i
Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza‘i (Yasar) (d.685). Early Shi‘a. Having adopted Islam in the time of the Prophet, he became an ardent supporter of al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali but did nothing to support him when he approached Kufa. Later he led the so-called “Penitents,” the people of Kufa who regretted not having supported al-Husayn. In the battle at ‘Ayn al-Warda against Husayn ibn al-Numayr al-Sakuni, Sulayman was killed and the Shi‘a cause routed.
Yasar see Sulayman ibn Surad al-Khuza‘i
Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad(Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad Sulayman) (Mulay Slimane) (Mulay Suleiman) (1760 – 1822). Sharifian Filali of Morocco (r.1792-1822). After many campaigns inside his country and against the Ottomans of Algiers, the learned and pious Sulayman was able to assure his authority by 1803. After several years of peace and prosperity, he had to take the field again, especially against the Berbers of the central Atlas.
Mulay Slimane was the Sultan of Morocco from 1792 to 1822. Slimane was one of five sons of Mohammed III who fought a civil war for control of the kingdom. Slimane emerged victorious in 1795, and the country remained largely passive for the subsequent decades of his rule. He was a member of the Alaouite dynasty.
Slimane continued his father's centralization and expansion of the kingdom, and most notably ended the piracy that had long operated from Morocco's coast. As part of Morocco's long running conflict with Spain and Portugal, Slimane halted all trade with Europe. However, he continued his father's policies of close relations with the United States.
Mulay Slimane is also the author of some literary works. Most famous is his Inayat Ula li al-Majd. It is dedicated to one of his teachers, Mohammed ibn Abd al-Salam al-Fasi and discusses the origins of the Fasi al-Fihris. Another famous essay is his Hawashi 'ala Sharh al-Kharshi a work on religion. Some of his other works are Taqayid fi Hukm al-Ghina and Risala fi Hukm al-Ghina (The latter was modeled after Ibn Taymiyya's Kitlb al-Sama' wa al-Raqs). Mulay Slimane is also the author of several letters.
Mawlay Abu'l-Rabi' ibn Sulayman see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Mulay Slimane see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Slimane, Mulay see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Mulay Suleiman see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Suleiman, Mulay see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad(Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad Sulayman) (Mulay Slimane) (Mulay Suleiman) (1760 – 1822). Sharifian Filali of Morocco (r.1792-1822). After many campaigns inside his country and against the Ottomans of Algiers, the learned and pious Sulayman was able to assure his authority by 1803. After several years of peace and prosperity, he had to take the field again, especially against the Berbers of the central Atlas.
Mulay Slimane was the Sultan of Morocco from 1792 to 1822. Slimane was one of five sons of Mohammed III who fought a civil war for control of the kingdom. Slimane emerged victorious in 1795, and the country remained largely passive for the subsequent decades of his rule. He was a member of the Alaouite dynasty.
Slimane continued his father's centralization and expansion of the kingdom, and most notably ended the piracy that had long operated from Morocco's coast. As part of Morocco's long running conflict with Spain and Portugal, Slimane halted all trade with Europe. However, he continued his father's policies of close relations with the United States.
Mulay Slimane is also the author of some literary works. Most famous is his Inayat Ula li al-Majd. It is dedicated to one of his teachers, Mohammed ibn Abd al-Salam al-Fasi and discusses the origins of the Fasi al-Fihris. Another famous essay is his Hawashi 'ala Sharh al-Kharshi a work on religion. Some of his other works are Taqayid fi Hukm al-Ghina and Risala fi Hukm al-Ghina (The latter was modeled after Ibn Taymiyya's Kitlb al-Sama' wa al-Raqs). Mulay Slimane is also the author of several letters.
Mawlay Abu'l-Rabi' ibn Sulayman see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Mulay Slimane see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Slimane, Mulay see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Mulay Suleiman see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Suleiman, Mulay see Sulayman, Mawlay Abu’l-Rabi’ ibn Muhammad
Sulaym ibn Mansur
Sulaym ibn Mansur. Name of a powerful tribe belonging to the Banu Qays ‘Aylan. They commanded the road to Medina as well as the access to Najd and the Persian Gulf, possessing mineral wealth of gold and silver. At first hostile to the Prophet, they adopted Islam around 630. The Sulaymi Abu’l-A‘war was one of the lieutenants of the Umayyad Caliph Mu‘awiya I. They refused to recognize Marwan I ibn al-Hakan and supported the anti-caliph ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. Later they took the side of the Carmathians. In 1052, the Fatimid Caliph al-Mustansir sent the Egyptian branch, together with the Banu Hilal, to conquer North Africa.
Sulaym ibn Mansur. Name of a powerful tribe belonging to the Banu Qays ‘Aylan. They commanded the road to Medina as well as the access to Najd and the Persian Gulf, possessing mineral wealth of gold and silver. At first hostile to the Prophet, they adopted Islam around 630. The Sulaymi Abu’l-A‘war was one of the lieutenants of the Umayyad Caliph Mu‘awiya I. They refused to recognize Marwan I ibn al-Hakan and supported the anti-caliph ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. Later they took the side of the Carmathians. In 1052, the Fatimid Caliph al-Mustansir sent the Egyptian branch, together with the Banu Hilal, to conquer North Africa.
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