Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur (Abu Mansur Sabuktigin) (942-997). Founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, which, under his son Mahmud, developed into a Turco-Persian empire. His father, Juq, was the chieftain of a small principality in Turkestan that was liquidated by hostile neighbors. Sebuktigin, then twelve years of age, was taken prisoner. Subsequently, a certain Haji Nasr purchased him, and it was perhaps at this time that he embraced Islam. In 959, he was purchased by Alptigin, military leader of Khurasan, and was quickly promoted to high ranks. His talent facilitated his rise to the throne of Ghazna. In 979 and 988, he defeated Jaipal, the head of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the Punjab, annexing the frontier towns of Jaipal’s territory. His construction of roads in the frontier region facilitated Mahmud’s Indian campaigns. Sebuktigin died in August 997 in a village on the border of Balkh.
Abu Mansur Sabuktigin, also spelled as Sabuktagin, Sabuktakin, Sebüktegin and Sebük Tigin, is generally regarded by historians as the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire and dynasty centered in modern day Afghanistan in the city of Ghazni. The empire extended throughout parts of Iran, Pakistan, and Central Asia. Amir Sebük Tigin was the son-in-law of Alptigin who actually seized Ghazni in a political fallout for the throne of the Samanids.
Sebüktigin, aged twelve years, was taken prisoner by a neighboring warring tribe and sold as a slave to a merchant named Nasr the Haji. He was purchased by Alptigin, the Lord Chamberlain of the Samani ruler of Khurasan. However, when Alptigin later rebelled against the Saminid influence, capturing Zabulistan and Ghazni, he raised Sebüktigin to the position of General and married his daughter to him. He served Alptigin, and his two successors Ishaq and Balkatigin. He later succeeded another slave of Alptigin to the throne, and in 977 became the popular ruler of Ghazni.
Sebüktigin enlarged upon Alptigin's conquests, extending his domain north to Balkh, west to Kandahar including most of Khorasan, and east to the Indus River.
Sebüktigin was recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions. He died in 997, and was succeeded by his younger son Sultan Ismail of Ghazni. Mahmud rebelled against his younger brother, Sultan Ismail of Ghazni, and took over Ghazni as the new Sultan.
Upon Alptigin's death in 975, both Sebüktigin and Alptigin's son Abu Ishaq went to Bokhara to mend fences with the Samanids. Mansur I of Samanid then officially conferred upon Abu Ishaq the governorship of Ghazni and acknowledged Sebüktegin as the heir. Abu Ishaq died soon after in 977 and Sebuktigin succeeded him to the governorship of Ghazni and married Alptigin's daughter.
In 977 he marched against Toghan, who had opposed his succession. Toghan fled to Būst, so Sebüktegin marched upon it and captured Kandahar and its surrounding area. This prompted the Shahi prince Jayapala to launch a pre-emptive strike at Ghazni. Despite the Jayapala amassing approximately 100,000 troops for the battle, Sebüktegin was victorious. The battle was fought at Laghman (near Kabul) and the Jayapala was forced to pay a large tribute. He defaulted upon this, imprisoned Sebüktegin's collectors, and assembled an army allied with forces from the kingdoms of Delhi, Ajmer, Kalinjar, and Kannauj which was defeated at the banks of the Neelum. Sebüktegin then annexed Afghanistan and Peshawar, and all land west of the Neelum.
In 994 he was involved in aiding Nuh II of the Samanids against internal uprisings and defeated the rebels at Balkh and then to Nishapur, thereby earning for himself the title of Nāsir ud-Dīn ("Hero of the Faith") and for his son Mahmud the title of Governor of Khorasan and Saif ud-Dawlah ("Sword of the State").
Sebüktegin had increased upon Alptigin's domains by extending his domain north to Balkh, west to Kandahar and Khorasan, and east to the Indus River; he was eventually recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions.
A pious ruler, Sebüktegin grew concerned over the increasing amount of innovation (commonly known as bidah) in the Islamic creed, and consequently censured those who he believed were promulgating heretical doctrines or beliefs that contravened orthodox Sunni principles.
Sultan Sebüktegin grew sick in Balkh during his campaign and retired to Ghazni, and his body has been buried in Termez or Ghazni where he was succeeded by his son, Ismail. Sebüktegin is generally regarded as the architect of the Ghaznavid Empire.
Abu Mansur Sabuktigin see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Sabuktigin, Abu Mansur see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Abu Mansur Sebuktigin see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur (Abu Mansur Sabuktigin) (942-997). Founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, which, under his son Mahmud, developed into a Turco-Persian empire. His father, Juq, was the chieftain of a small principality in Turkestan that was liquidated by hostile neighbors. Sebuktigin, then twelve years of age, was taken prisoner. Subsequently, a certain Haji Nasr purchased him, and it was perhaps at this time that he embraced Islam. In 959, he was purchased by Alptigin, military leader of Khurasan, and was quickly promoted to high ranks. His talent facilitated his rise to the throne of Ghazna. In 979 and 988, he defeated Jaipal, the head of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the Punjab, annexing the frontier towns of Jaipal’s territory. His construction of roads in the frontier region facilitated Mahmud’s Indian campaigns. Sebuktigin died in August 997 in a village on the border of Balkh.
Abu Mansur Sabuktigin, also spelled as Sabuktagin, Sabuktakin, Sebüktegin and Sebük Tigin, is generally regarded by historians as the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire and dynasty centered in modern day Afghanistan in the city of Ghazni. The empire extended throughout parts of Iran, Pakistan, and Central Asia. Amir Sebük Tigin was the son-in-law of Alptigin who actually seized Ghazni in a political fallout for the throne of the Samanids.
Sebüktigin, aged twelve years, was taken prisoner by a neighboring warring tribe and sold as a slave to a merchant named Nasr the Haji. He was purchased by Alptigin, the Lord Chamberlain of the Samani ruler of Khurasan. However, when Alptigin later rebelled against the Saminid influence, capturing Zabulistan and Ghazni, he raised Sebüktigin to the position of General and married his daughter to him. He served Alptigin, and his two successors Ishaq and Balkatigin. He later succeeded another slave of Alptigin to the throne, and in 977 became the popular ruler of Ghazni.
Sebüktigin enlarged upon Alptigin's conquests, extending his domain north to Balkh, west to Kandahar including most of Khorasan, and east to the Indus River.
Sebüktigin was recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions. He died in 997, and was succeeded by his younger son Sultan Ismail of Ghazni. Mahmud rebelled against his younger brother, Sultan Ismail of Ghazni, and took over Ghazni as the new Sultan.
Upon Alptigin's death in 975, both Sebüktigin and Alptigin's son Abu Ishaq went to Bokhara to mend fences with the Samanids. Mansur I of Samanid then officially conferred upon Abu Ishaq the governorship of Ghazni and acknowledged Sebüktegin as the heir. Abu Ishaq died soon after in 977 and Sebuktigin succeeded him to the governorship of Ghazni and married Alptigin's daughter.
In 977 he marched against Toghan, who had opposed his succession. Toghan fled to Būst, so Sebüktegin marched upon it and captured Kandahar and its surrounding area. This prompted the Shahi prince Jayapala to launch a pre-emptive strike at Ghazni. Despite the Jayapala amassing approximately 100,000 troops for the battle, Sebüktegin was victorious. The battle was fought at Laghman (near Kabul) and the Jayapala was forced to pay a large tribute. He defaulted upon this, imprisoned Sebüktegin's collectors, and assembled an army allied with forces from the kingdoms of Delhi, Ajmer, Kalinjar, and Kannauj which was defeated at the banks of the Neelum. Sebüktegin then annexed Afghanistan and Peshawar, and all land west of the Neelum.
In 994 he was involved in aiding Nuh II of the Samanids against internal uprisings and defeated the rebels at Balkh and then to Nishapur, thereby earning for himself the title of Nāsir ud-Dīn ("Hero of the Faith") and for his son Mahmud the title of Governor of Khorasan and Saif ud-Dawlah ("Sword of the State").
Sebüktegin had increased upon Alptigin's domains by extending his domain north to Balkh, west to Kandahar and Khorasan, and east to the Indus River; he was eventually recognized by the Caliph in Baghdad as governor of his dominions.
A pious ruler, Sebüktegin grew concerned over the increasing amount of innovation (commonly known as bidah) in the Islamic creed, and consequently censured those who he believed were promulgating heretical doctrines or beliefs that contravened orthodox Sunni principles.
Sultan Sebüktegin grew sick in Balkh during his campaign and retired to Ghazni, and his body has been buried in Termez or Ghazni where he was succeeded by his son, Ismail. Sebüktegin is generally regarded as the architect of the Ghaznavid Empire.
Abu Mansur Sabuktigin see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Sabuktigin, Abu Mansur see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Abu Mansur Sebuktigin see Sebuktigin, Abu Mansur
Sehi Celebi
Sehi Celebi (d. 1549). Ottoman poet and and biographer of poets. His biographical collection is the oldest work of this kind in Turkish.
Celebi, Sehi see Sehi Celebi
Sehi Celebi (d. 1549). Ottoman poet and and biographer of poets. His biographical collection is the oldest work of this kind in Turkish.
Celebi, Sehi see Sehi Celebi
Seif, Ahmed
Ahmed Seif , also written as Ahmad Saif (el-Islam Hamad Abd el-Fattah) (January 9, 1951 - August 27, 2014), was an Egyptian journalist and human rights lawyer.
In the 1980s, Seif served a five-year prison sentence for activism. Afterwards, he was still several times imprisoned for political reasons, including during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. In 1999, he was one of the founders of the Hisham Mubarak Center for Law. In 2011, he was also leader of the political movement Kefaya.
Seif was the father of two prominent activists during the Egyptian Revolution, Mona Seif and Alaa Abd El Fattah. Seif married to Laila Soueif, a professor of mathematics at the University of Cairo.
Because of Seif's involvement in the socialist movement, he was arrested in 1983 and tortured by agents of the Egyptian security forces. For five years, he was in prison. After his release, Seif focused on the fight against torture in Egypt. In 1989, shortly after his release, he took on one of the most important human rights issues in the country itself. Because of his struggle against torture and injustice he grew over the years into a central figure in several successful Egyptian human rights cases.
In 1999, he was one of the founders of the Centre Hisham Mubarak for Law in Cairo, a center named for Hisham Mubarak, a lawyer who had focused on human rights and the granting of legal assistance to victims of violations of human rights laws.
Seif was one of the attorneys in the case against fifteen defendants after the bombing in Taba and other places in the Sinai in October 2004. Seif argued strongly against the wave of bombings while. on the other hand, arguing that the defendants in no way tortured of engaged in violations of human rights. Nevertheless, all fifteen defendants were convicted on the basis of confessions obtained during their torture.
Other high-profile cases with other lawyers were the Queen Boat case in 2001, in which 52 men were tried on the basis of their sexual orientation, and the defense of 49 textile workers because they had participated in protests on April 6, 2008 in Mahalla.
In 2006, Seif took on the defense of Karim Amer, the first blogger who was indicted for a crime because of his criticism, on the Internet, of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Islam. Amer was sentenced to four years imprisonment.
Seif died on August 27, 2014 at the age of 63 during open-heart surgery.
Selaniki, Mustafa
Selaniki, Mustafa (Mustafa Selaniki) (Selaniki Mustafa Efendi) (d. 1599/1600). Turkish historian from Salonika. His history of Salonika covers the period from 1563 to 1599.
Mustafa Selaniki (Selanıkî Mustafa Efendi) was a Turkish scholar and chronicler, whose Tarih-i Selâniki (Tarih-i Selanik, "Chronicle of Salonica") described the Ottoman Empire of 1563–1599.
Mustafa Selaniki see Selaniki, Mustafa
Selaniki Mustafa Efendi see Selaniki, Mustafa
Selaniki, Mustafa (Mustafa Selaniki) (Selaniki Mustafa Efendi) (d. 1599/1600). Turkish historian from Salonika. His history of Salonika covers the period from 1563 to 1599.
Mustafa Selaniki (Selanıkî Mustafa Efendi) was a Turkish scholar and chronicler, whose Tarih-i Selâniki (Tarih-i Selanik, "Chronicle of Salonica") described the Ottoman Empire of 1563–1599.
Mustafa Selaniki see Selaniki, Mustafa
Selaniki Mustafa Efendi see Selaniki, Mustafa
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